The oil conservator of a transformer stores a certain amount of transformer oil. When the temperature of the transformer oil rises, the volume of the oil expands, and the excess part enters the oil conservator. The air in the oil conservator is compressed and discharged through the breather connected by pipelines. When the oil temperature drops and the volume of the oil shrinks, the oil in the oil conservator enters the transformer, creating a negative pressure inside the oil conservator. External air enters the oil conservator through the pipelines from the breather to achieve the balance of internal and external air pressure.
After maintenance work, there may be some air accumulated at the top inside the transformer tank. At this time, the air vent at the top should be opened before the end of the work, allowing the transformer oil in the oil conservator to enter the tank and squeeze out the air.
The capsule-type oil conservator compensates for the change in the volume of the oil through the deformation of the airbag inside the oil conservator. The diaphragm-type oil conservator balances the change in the volume of the oil through the up-and-down undulation of the diaphragm fixed inside the oil conservator. Since the materials of the airbag and the diaphragm are prone to aging under the long-term effect of the oil temperature, moisture and impurities can easily penetrate, causing the quality of the oil to decline. Therefore, it is necessary to connect with the external atmosphere through the breather, and the silica gel inside the breather will absorb the moisture.
The corrugated tube-type oil conservator uses a retractable stainless steel material to accommodate the transformer oil. Since the stainless steel material is not prone to aging and water penetration, the breather may not be necessary, and the air part of the oil conservator is directly connected to the atmosphere. However, a breather and an oil cup can also be installed to observe the breathing condition of the transformer. The friction between the corrugated tube and the inner wall of the oil conservator is relatively greater. When the corrugated tube gets stuck with the inner wall, or the breather has poor breathing performance, the so-called "false oil level" will be formed. At this time, when the oil temperature changes, no bubbles generated by the breathing of the transformer can be seen in the oil cup, and the oil level indication does not conform to the oil temperature-oil level curve.
There is a circle of holes on the side of the lower end of the breather as the channel for the intake and exhaust of gas, and an open cup is installed in the middle of the lower end. The gas inhaled through the holes will first pass through the oil in the oil cup and then enter the breather. This filtering process removes some of the impurities and moisture in the air and slows down the aging speed of the silica gel in the breather.
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