Distribution Transformer
Why choose us
Our Products
We mainly produce a variety of transformers, including oil-immersed power transformers, dry-type power transformers, oil-immersed three-dimensional coiled transformers, and dry-type three-dimensional coiled transformers. Additionally, we offer mining explosion-proof dry-type transformers, as well as high and low voltage switchgear and other equipment for power transmission and distribution.
Our Company
Jinshan Gate Technology Co., LTD. (referred to as Jinshan Gate) is located at No. 795 Nanming Road, Shuige Industrial Park, Liandu District, Lishui City. Our factory covers 208 acres and employs over 500 people. We hold more than 20 patents and combine advanced domestic and international technologies to become a key player in the transformer industry.
Product Application
Our products are widely used in power and railway sectors. With complete testing equipment and strict quality checks, we ensure that our products are stable and reliable over time. This has made our products highly valued by the power sector and various users. We export to many regions, including Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
Our Certificates
Our products have received ISO9001:2008 international quality system certification and have been approved by the National Electrical Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center. They meet IEC and national standards and have obtained various relevant certifications, including production licenses and national safety marks.
What is Distribution Transformer
A distribution transformer is a type of electrical transformer that is used in power distribution systems to convert high voltage electricity from the power grid into lower voltage electricity that is suitable for household and commercial use. These transformers are typically located at the end of the power distribution line, close to where the electricity is being used.
Modern distribution transformers incorporate some salient features that make them suitable for the demanding requirements of power distribution:
High efficiency: Careful design optimization ensures very low losses during energy transfer resulting in high efficiency of over 97%. This keeps electricity costs low by reducing wastage.
Reliability: Stringent quality control in design, raw materials and manufacturing results in highly reliable units that provide trouble-free service for over 25 years.
Overload Capability: Short-term overloading above the rated capacity is supported to account for occasional spikes in demand.
Protection Features: Inbuilt devices protect the transformer from issues like overheating, voltage spikes, short circuits etc.
Minimal Maintenance: Robust sealed tanks with long-life insulating oil minimize maintenance requirements.
Compact Footprint: Pole-mounted transformers utilize minimal ground space.
Low Environmental Impact: Distribution transformers utilize non-toxic, biodegradable vegetable-based oil instead of mineral oils.
Types of Distribution Transformer
Based on the application or requirement, these transformers are categorized into different types like single phase, three phases, underground, pad-mounted, pole-mounted transformers.
Single Phase
These transformers are specially used for networks wherever a three-phase supply is not required. Usually, these are used for repairing overhead distribution loads in residential. These are also applicable in industrial lighting, light commercial loads & power applications.
Three Phase
This kind of transformer is used to hold electrical energy from the main distribution circuit to a minor distribution circuit. This type of transformer transmits the current to a secondary distribution circuit and also reduces the voltage of the primary distribution circuit. These transformers reduce the voltage supply for the primary circuit based on the consumer requirement.
This voltage always changes & can be dissimilar for the users of commercial, residential & light industry. These transformers work on different levels of voltage & frequency based on the standards existing in different countries. These transformers are available in single-phase & three phases. Single-phase is used in residential applications whereas 3-phase with a pad is used in underground primary circuits.
Pad-Mounted
This type of transformer includes a locked steel cupboard that is arranged on a concrete pad. This type of transformer is installed in places where they do not have space for a fenced enclosure. This transformer is used with electric power distribution lines at an overhead electrical line for reducing the primary voltage to supply for the customers. A single transformer of this type can serve many homes/a large building. The power rating of this transformer ranges from 75 kVA to 5000 kVA and includes fixed switches & fuses.
Pole Mounted
These transformers are mounted on an electrical service pole at the height of the overhead cables. These are used for changing high distribution voltage to low like 120/240 volt power. These types of transformers are used in a wide rural area, ranges from 16 kVA to 100kVA. These are available in small size and easy to fit on single-pole structures. These transformers are reliable to harsh climates when they used in remote areas.
Parts Of A Distribution Transformer
To understand how a distribution transformer functions, it is essential to know its key components:
Windings
Windings in a distribution transformer are usually made of copper or aluminum. Copper is often preferred for its higher efficiency and greater conductivity, although it is more expensive than aluminum. These conductive coils are crucial for the transformer’s function, tightly wound around the core to facilitate the induction process required for voltage transformation.
The primary windings are connected to the high voltage input lines and are typically made of thicker wire or strip to handle higher currents and electrical stresses. The secondary windings, which are connected to the output that delivers electricity at a usable voltage, may use thinner wire, as they carry the electric current at reduced voltages. The ratio of turns between the primary and secondary windings determines the voltage transformation ratio of the transformer, crucial for ensuring the voltage is adjusted correctly to meet the needs of the power distribution system.
Core
The core is generally made from layers of laminated silicon steel, which helps in reducing eddy currents—Undesired localized currents that can cause additional heating. This lamination and the particular grain orientation of the steel minimize hysteresis losses (energy lost due to the magnetic properties of the material). The shape of the core (rectangular, shell type) also influences the efficiency and performance of the transformer.
Insulation
Insulation in transformers must be able to withstand thermal, electrical, and mechanical stresses. Materials like oil-impregnated paper and resin are commonly used because they have good dielectric properties and durability. Proper insulation is vital for preventing short circuits between windings or between windings and the core.
Tap Changer
The tap changer adjusts the voltage ratio between the primary and secondary windings to regulate the output voltage, accommodating changes in load or input voltage. This is crucial in maintaining consistent voltage levels despite fluctuations in demand or supply. Mechanical wear and electrical erosion can affect the tap changer’s performance, hence the need for regular inspections and maintenance.
Tank
The outer tank provides physical protection and containment for the transformer’s internal components. It is designed to be completely sealed or to have controlled breathing capabilities to manage internal pressures. The tank is also grounded to prevent electrical hazards and is usually painted to withstand environmental impacts like rust and UV degradation.
Bushings
Bushings must handle the high voltages and environmental conditions they are exposed to. They are made from porcelain or composite materials and are carefully designed to manage the electric field distribution. Failure of a bushing can lead to catastrophic damage, so they are built to strict standards and are regularly tested.
Breather
The breather’s role in maintaining the moisture balance in the oil is critical to preserving the oil’s insulating properties. As the transformer heats and cools, the breather acts to keep the internal atmosphere dry. The silica gel in the breather turns from blue to pink as it absorbs moisture, indicating when it needs to be replaced.
Conservator
The conservator tank adjusts its volume with oil temperature changes to accommodate expansion or contraction and prevent pressure buildup. This helps in maintaining a stable oil level in the main tank, which is crucial for optimal insulation and cooling. Some modern transformers use bladder-type conservators to completely isolate the oil from the external air.
The connection of this instrument changes according to the form of the distribution transformer that is applied. Single-phase types are manufactured either with one or two bushings, and they are arranged in wye shape. These primary sections can also be used with three-wire or four-wire wye connections only when arranged properly.
And also, these transformers are installed to the overhead lines in two approaches, and those are:
Wye: Here, a phase to a neutral form of transformer is employed. It has a top section where it has a junction with either of the phases. The other section of the winding is attached to the neutral line, and it is grounded. A wye configuration is selected since unstable powers might cause currents in the neutral section, and with this connection, those include a direction towards the ground. While in the delta connection, the unstable powers develop voltage modifications on the three-phase wires.
Delta: Here, a phase-to-phase form of transformer is employed. It consists of two bushings where include a connection with two phases. The other section of the winding is attached to the neutral line, and it is grounded. The disadvantage of this configuration is that when any one of the primary phases is in the de-energy state, the other phase will result in the movement of current in a reverse direction which might cause problematic damages to the workers and staff.
Distribution Transformer Use
Distribution transformers play a fundamental role in the electrical distribution network, ensuring the efficient delivery of power to end users. Their use extends across various sectors, highlighting their versatility and importance.
Residential Use
In residential areas, distribution transformers step down high voltage from transmission lines to safe levels for home use, typically between 120V and 240V. This transformation is essential for powering household appliances, lighting, and heating systems, allowing for the reliable use of electricity in daily life.
Commercial Use
In commercial settings, distribution transformers serve similar functions, but their capacity often scales up to meet higher energy demands. These transformers support lighting, heating, and various equipment in offices, retail stores, and manufacturing facilities. Their ability to handle load fluctuations is vital for maintaining operational efficiency.
Industrial Use
Industries utilize distribution transformers to provide power to heavy machinery and production lines. These transformers are engineered to withstand significant electrical loads and often incorporate advanced cooling systems to prevent overheating. In this context, distribution transformers contribute to the overall productivity and reliability of industrial operations.
Renewable Energy Integration
With the rise of renewable energy sources, distribution transformers are increasingly used to facilitate the integration of solar panels and wind turbines into the electrical grid. They manage the variable output from these sources, stepping down the voltage for safe distribution while maintaining grid stability.
Emergency Services and Backup Power
Distribution transformers are crucial for emergency services, providing uninterrupted power to hospitals, fire stations, and emergency response centers. Their reliability ensures that essential services remain operational during power outages, highlighting their importance in community safety.
What is the theory of distribution transformer?
The theory of a distribution transformer is based on the principles of electromagnetic induction and transformer operation. According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, a changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a neighboring conductor.
In a distribution transformer, alternating current (AC) from the electrical grid passes through the primary winding, generating a changing magnetic field in the transformer core. This changing magnetic field induces a voltage in the secondary winding, which is connected to the distribution network.
The voltage induced in the secondary winding is proportional to the turns ratio between the primary and secondary windings, allowing the transformer to withdraw distribution voltage to consumers.
A distribution transformer is a type of transformer specially designed for use in electrical distribution networks. It is generally used to remove voltage from the transmission or sub-transmission level to lower voltage levels required for local distribution.
Distribution transformers are available in various configurations and ratings to meet the specific requirements of different distribution systems, including pole mounted transformers, PAD mounted transformers and substation transformers. These transformers play a crucial role in distributing electrical energy from the power generation or transmission system to end users, ensuring reliable and efficient power distribution in the power grid.
Check the load characteristics
To know the transformer’s rating, it is always essential to check the load characteristics when buying distribution transformers. The load characteristics of a distribution transformer include the type of load and the fluctuation of the voltage. When talking about the type of load, it can be intermittent load or continuous load.
Check the voltage ratio
The voltage ratio of a distribution transformer depends on the load characteristics and the applications. The voltage ratio of a distribution transformer is calculated by taking the ratio of primary voltage to secondary voltage or high voltage to low voltage. The size of the distribution transformer also depends on the voltage ratio. The higher the voltage ratio, the bigger the size of the distribution transformer will be due to the increase in the number of turns in the primary winding.
Consider the phase configuration
Some applications require single-phase configuration. Whereas some applications require a three-phase configuration, especially industrial applications. The phase configuration helps in determining the primary winding phases and the secondary winding phases. The distribution transformers with single-phase configurations are mostly used for residential purposes only. It is advisable to choose the distribution transformer’s phase configuration according to the applications.
Check the efficiency
When selecting distribution transformers one must look for efficiency. An efficient transformer helps in reducing power loss by converting the voltage in the right way. It not only helps in saving power but also helps in saving costs. The transformer will work efficiently only when the parts and the components used in that are of optimum quality. That is why it is also advisable to buy from top manufacturers of distribution transformers.
Our Factory
JINSHANMEN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD(JSM for short) is located at 795 Nanming Road, Shuige Industrial Park, Liandu District, Lishui City. It is a domestic transformer industry production enterprise that integrates domestic and foreign high-tech. The company has advanced production equipment and strong technical strength. Its products have passed the ISO9001:2008 international quality system certification and the National Electrical Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, meeting IEC and national standards, as well as obtaining relevant certificates such as production licenses, national safety marks, and explosion-proof certificates.
FAQ
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